The European Union (EU) is a unique political and economic partnership between 27 European countries. It has transformed the continent by promoting peace, stability, and prosperity. Whether you’re planning a trip or simply curious, this guide will provide you with detailed information about each EU member state, their history, and what makes them special.
What is the European Union?
The European Union is a group of 27 countries that work together to promote economic growth, peace, and cultural exchange. It was established after World War II to prevent future conflicts and foster cooperation. The EU has its own currency (the euro), laws, and institutions like the European Parliament.
Why Should You Know About EU Countries?
Understanding the EU and its member states is essential for travelers, students, and anyone interested in global affairs. The EU influences trade, travel policies, and cultural exchange. Knowing which countries are part of the EU can help you plan trips, understand visa requirements, and appreciate the diversity of Europe.
List of European Union Countries
Here is the complete list of 27 EU member states as of 2025:
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Ireland
- Italy
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
Detailed Overview of Each EU Country
Let’s dive into each EU member state, exploring their history, culture, and what makes them unique.
1. Austria
Austria is known for its stunning Alpine landscapes, classical music, and historic cities like Vienna and Salzburg. It joined the EU in 1995 and uses the euro as its currency. Austria is a great destination for skiing, hiking, and exploring Baroque architecture.
2. Belgium
Belgium is famous for its medieval towns, waffles, and chocolate. Brussels, the capital, is also the headquarters of the EU. Belgium joined the EU in 1957 as one of the founding members. Don’t miss the Grand Place in Brussels and the canals of Bruges.
3. Bulgaria
Bulgaria is one of the EU’s newer members, joining in 2007. It’s known for its Black Sea coastline, mountain ranges, and rich history. Sofia, the capital, offers a mix of Roman ruins and modern architecture. Bulgaria is also one of the most affordable travel destinations in Europe.
4. Croatia
Croatia joined the EU in 2013 and is famous for its Adriatic coastline, historic cities like Dubrovnik, and stunning national parks. It’s a popular destination for sailing, beach vacations, and exploring medieval architecture.
5. Cyprus
Cyprus is an island nation in the Mediterranean Sea. It joined the EU in 2004 and is known for its beautiful beaches, ancient ruins, and vibrant culture. Nicosia, the capital, is the last divided capital in Europe.
6. Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is famous for its fairy-tale city, Prague, which is known for its castles, bridges, and beer. It joined the EU in 2004 and uses the Czech koruna as its currency. The country is rich in history and culture.
7. Denmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country known for its design, Vikings, and hygge lifestyle. It joined the EU in 1973 but does not use the euro. Copenhagen, the capital, is a must-visit for its colorful harbor and historic sites.
8. Estonia
Estonia is a Baltic country known for its digital innovation and medieval architecture. It joined the EU in 2004 and uses the euro. Tallinn, the capital, has a well-preserved Old Town that feels like stepping back in time.
9. Finland
Finland is known for its lakes, forests, and Northern Lights. It joined the EU in 1995 and uses the euro. Helsinki, the capital, offers a mix of modern design and historic sites. Finland is also famous for its saunas.
10. France
France is one of the most visited countries in the world, known for its art, cuisine, and landmarks like the Eiffel Tower. It joined the EU in 1957 as a founding member. Paris, the capital, is a global hub for culture and fashion.
11. Germany
Germany is Europe’s largest economy and a key player in the EU. It joined in 1957 as a founding member. Berlin, the capital, is known for its history, nightlife, and museums. Germany is also famous for its beer festivals and castles.
12. Greece
Greece is the cradle of Western civilization, known for its ancient ruins, islands, and Mediterranean cuisine. It joined the EU in 1981 and uses the euro. Athens, the capital, is home to the iconic Acropolis.
13. Hungary
Hungary is known for its thermal baths, historic architecture, and vibrant capital, Budapest. It joined the EU in 2004 and uses the forint as its currency. The Danube River runs through Budapest, offering stunning views.
14. Ireland
Ireland is famous for its green landscapes, friendly people, and rich literary history. It joined the EU in 1973 and uses the euro. Dublin, the capital, is known for its pubs, music, and historic sites like Trinity College.
15. Italy
Italy is a top travel destination, known for its art, history, and cuisine. It joined the EU in 1957 as a founding member. Rome, the capital, is home to ancient ruins like the Colosseum, while cities like Venice and Florence offer unique cultural experiences.
16. Latvia
Latvia is a Baltic country known for its forests, beaches, and Art Nouveau architecture. It joined the EU in 2004 and uses the euro. Riga, the capital, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site with a vibrant cultural scene.
17. Lithuania
Lithuania is another Baltic country, known for its medieval castles and vibrant festivals. It joined the EU in 2004 and uses the euro. Vilnius, the capital, has a well-preserved Old Town and a rich history.
18. Luxembourg
Luxembourg is a small but wealthy country known for its banking sector and medieval castles. It joined the EU in 1957 as a founding member. Luxembourg City, the capital, is a blend of old and new.
19. Malta
Malta is a small island nation in the Mediterranean, known for its historic sites and clear blue waters. It joined the EU in 2004 and uses the euro. Valletta, the capital, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
20. Netherlands
The Netherlands is known for its canals, windmills, and tulip fields. It joined the EU in 1957 as a founding member. Amsterdam, the capital, is famous for its museums, cycling culture, and vibrant nightlife.
21. Poland
Poland is known for its medieval architecture, rich history, and hearty cuisine. It joined the EU in 2004 and uses the złoty as its currency. Warsaw, the capital, and Kraków are must-visit cities.
22. Portugal
Portugal is famous for its coastline, historic cities, and delicious seafood. It joined the EU in 1986 and uses the euro. Lisbon, the capital, and Porto are popular destinations for their charm and culture.
23. Romania
Romania is known for its Carpathian Mountains, medieval castles, and the legend of Dracula. It joined the EU in 2007 and uses the leu as its currency. Bucharest, the capital, is a mix of old and new.
24. Slovakia
Slovakia is known for its mountains, castles, and folk traditions. It joined the EU in 2004 and uses the euro. Bratislava, the capital, is located on the Danube River and offers a mix of history and modernity.
25. Slovenia
Slovenia is a small but beautiful country known for its lakes, mountains, and caves. It joined the EU in 2004 and uses the euro. Ljubljana, the capital, is a charming city with a relaxed atmosphere.
26. Spain
Spain is famous for its beaches, festivals, and vibrant culture. It joined the EU in 1986 and uses the euro. Madrid, the capital, and Barcelona are top destinations for their art, architecture, and nightlife.
27. Sweden
Sweden is known for its forests, lakes, and design. It joined the EU in 1995 but does not use the euro. Stockholm, the capital, is spread across 14 islands and offers a mix of history and modernity.
Travel Tips for Visiting EU Countries
Visa Requirements: EU citizens can travel freely within the EU. Non-EU citizens may need a Schengen visa.
Currency: Most EU countries use the euro, but some, like Denmark and Sweden, have their own currencies.
Transportation: The EU has an excellent rail network, making it easy to travel between countries.
Language: While each country has its own language, English is widely spoken in tourist areas.
Conclusion
The European Union is a fascinating blend of cultures, histories, and landscapes. Whether you’re exploring the historic cities of Italy, the beaches of Spain, or the mountains of Austria, each EU country offers something unique. Use this guide to plan your next European adventure and discover the diversity of the EU.
Related topic:
- What Do You Need for Overseas Travel?
- Which Country Is Easy to Get Visa?
- Which Country Is Best to Visit in Europe?